Research and development | Definition, Types, Examples, Strategy ...
Dec 13, 2024 · research and development, in industry, two intimately related processes by which new products and new forms of old products are brought into being through technological innovation. Introduction and definitions
Research and development - Innovation, Processes, Strategies
Dec 13, 2024 · Research and development - Innovation, Processes, Strategies: Most research and development projects are examples of a project, or one-shot, production system. Here, as opposed to the ongoing activity found in batch or continuous systems, resources are brought together for a period of time, focused on a particular task, such as the development ...
Research and development - Labs, Experiments, Innovation
Dec 13, 2024 · Research and development - Labs, Experiments, Innovation: Company laboratories fall into three clear categories: research laboratories, development laboratories, and test laboratories. Research laboratories carry out both basic and applied research work.
Research and development - Independent Labs | Britannica
Dec 13, 2024 · Research and development - Independent Labs: The concept of a laboratory that maintains itself solely by selling research originated with the Mellon Institute in Pittsburgh before World War I.
RAND Corporation | Nonprofit Organization, Policy Analysis, …
Dec 3, 2024 · RAND Corporation, nonpartisan think tank whose original focus was national security. It grew out of a research-and-development project (its name is a contraction of “research and development”) by Douglas Aircraft Co. for the Army Air Force in 1945. In 1948 it became a private nonprofit corporation.
Office of Scientific Research and Development
Office of Scientific Research and Development was created in June 1941 and given joint responsibility with the war department in the Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb. After four years of intensive and ever-mounting research …
Applied research | science | Britannica
Applied research carries the findings of basic research to a point where they can be exploited to meet a specific need, while the development stage of research and development includes the steps necessary to bring a new or modified product or process into production.
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Encyclopedia …
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian research and development (R&D) organization. It was established as an autonomous body by the government of India in 1942 to promote scientific knowledge and boost industrialization and economic growth and is …
Drug discovery and development - Encyclopedia Britannica
6 days ago · Pharmaceutical industry - Drug Discovery, Development: A variety of approaches is employed to identify chemical compounds that may be developed and marketed. The current state of the chemical and biological sciences required for pharmaceutical development dictates that 5,000–10,000 chemical compounds must undergo laboratory screening for each ...
operations research - Encyclopedia Britannica
Dec 3, 2024 · Operations research, application of scientific methods to the management and administration of organized military, governmental, commercial, and industrial processes. Operations research attempts to provide those who manage organized systems with an objective and quantitative basis for decision; it