Bending Basics: The fundamentals of how to bend metal
Jan 2, 2014 · Bending and Forming. Figure 1: A plate’s grains run parallel to the rolling direction. While sheet metal gauges run from 0.005 to 0.249 inch thick, aluminum and steel plate thicknesses start at 0.250 in. and go all the way up to 13 in. or even more. Likewise, plate steel varies in strengths from mild varieties to some very high-strength ...
Stamping 101: Anatomy of a Mechanical Stamping Press - The …
Jan 15, 2008 · Stamped components are made by forming, drawing, trimming, blanking, or piercing metal—in sheet or coil form—between two halves (upper and lower) of a press tool, called a die (see "Stamping 101: Die basics," page 22). The upper member is attached to a slide, and the lower member is clamped or bolted to the bed or bolster.
Welding fumes, their health risks and hazards - The Fabricator
Mar 11, 2004 · Short-term Effects of Inhaling Welding Fumes". Among the short-term effects is metal fume fever, symptoms of which occur four to 12 hours after exposure and include chills, thirst, fever, muscle ache, chest soreness, coughing, wheezing, fatigue, nausea, and a metallic taste. Welding smoke also can irritate the eyes, nose, chest, and respiratory ...
Die Science: Stamping 101 - Die basics - The Fabricator
Jan 15, 2008 · A stamping die is a special, one-of-a-kind precision tool that cuts and forms sheet metal into a desired shape or profile as the sheet metal is pressed, or stamped, between two mating components (see Figure 1). A die gets the force it needs from a press. The part produced by stamping the sheet metal between the dies in the press is called the ...
Carbon metal content, Classification of Steel and Alloy Steels
Aug 28, 2003 · And while there are steels that have up to 2 percent carbon content, they are the exception. Most steel contains less than 0.35 percent carbon. To put this in perspective, keep in mind that's 35/100 of 1 percent. Now, any steel in the 0.35 to 1.86 percent carbon content range can be hardened using a heat-quench-temper cycle.
Gas tungsten arc welding fundamentals: Understanding GTAW
Feb 19, 2001 · 2. Thoriated tungstenis the most common type of tungsten electrode for use on carbon and stainless steel.It can be purchased with 1 or 2 percent thorium. The thoriated tungsten starts readily and maintains a stable arc. It has a greater resistance to contamination and will maintain a sharp point and will not break down as readily as pure tungsten.
Identifying the right welding and cutting torch tips
Oct 9, 2003 · The tip of a welding or cutting torch is where the action is (see Figure 1). Welding tips usually produce positive pressure (higher than 1 pound per square inch [PSI]) and are used at equal pressures of acetylene and oxygen. These single-hole copper-alloy tips are attached to a torch handle equipped with a mixer that mixes the fuel with the ...
The formula for successful punching - The Fabricator
Aug 8, 2006 · The Stripper. The stripper performs two vital functions during the punching process. The most obvious is to hold the workpiece material against the die as the punch approaches, penetrates, and retracts. The second and less obvious function is to hold the punch tip rigid as it punches the hole in the workpiece. The Die.
K-factors, Y-factors, and press brake bending precision - The …
Mar 7, 2018 · Calculating K-factors. The K-factor is defined mathematically as t/Mt, where t is the neutral axis location and Mt is the material thickness. Because of the specific properties of any given metal, there is no easy way to calculate that value perfectly, hence the chart in Figure 2.
Deep drawing: Key design principles & tips for successful draws
May 30, 2001 · Figure 1: In the illustration of incorrect draw ratio (L), the too-small post would cause metal to thin to the point of failure, while the correct draw ratio (R) will result in a successfully deep drawn part. Successful deep drawing depends on many factors. Ignoring even one of them during die design and build can prove disastrous.