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    Madden–Julian oscillation - Wikipedia

    • The Madden–Julian oscillation is characterized by an eastward progression of large regions of both enhanced and suppressed tropical rainfall, observed mainly over the Indian and Pacific Ocean. See more

    Overview

    The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the largest element of the intraseasonal (30- to 90-day) variability in the … See more

    Behavior

    Distinct patterns of lower-level and upper-level atmospheric circulation anomalies accompany the MJO-related pattern of enhanced or decreased tropical rainfall across the tropics. These circulation features ex… See more

    Local effects

    During the Northern Hemisphere summer season the MJO-related effects on the Indian and West African summer monsoon are well documented. MJO-related effects on the North American summer monsoon also occur, … See more

    What is an MJO and how does it affect the weather?
    NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory
    Downstream effects

    There is strong year-to-year (interannual) variability in Madden–Julian oscillation activity, with long periods of strong activity followed by periods in which the oscillation is weak or absent. This interannual variability o… See more

    Explaining MJO's dynamics with equatorial modons and equatorial adjustment

    In 2019, Rostami and Zeitlin reported a discovery of steady, long-living, slowly eastward-moving large-scale coherent twin cyclones, so-called equatorial modons, by means of a moist-convective rotating shallow wat… See more

    Impact of climate change on MJO

    The MJO travels a stretch of 12,000–20,000 km over the tropical oceans, mainly over the Indo-Pacific warm pool, which has ocean temperatures generally warmer than 28 °C. This Indo-Pacific war… See more

    External links

    • "Daily Madden–Julian Oscillation Indices". National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center. Retrieved March 29, 2005.
    • "MJO Homepage". Agricultural Production Systems Research Unit. Archived from … See more

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    Table of Contents
    Overview
    Behavior
    Local effects
    Downstream effects
    Explaining MJO's dynamics with equatorial modons and equatorial adjustment
    Impact of climate change on MJO
    External links