Scientists have always been curious about the atmosphere surrounding us, but in the past, they could not just hop on a spaceship to see what was up there. Instead, scientists hiked up high ...

The boundary between the two lies about 465 miles (750 kilometers) beneath the Earth's surface. The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the familiar landscape on which we live ...

Earth has four primary layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is a thin, solid layer upon which all life resides. Underneath it is the mantle, a hot, dense layer of ...

Water from both volcanic rocks and deep mantle melted Earth's crust 1.6 billion years ago. This long-lasting melting formed ...

A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust that allows magma, hot ash and gases to escape. The water cycle works by using the energy of the Sun to exchange water from oceans and lakes to the ...