People are familiar with three states of matter of solid, liquid and gas. There is also a fourth state of matter, called ...

For some background, plasma is the fourth state of matter, often created by heating a neutral gas or ionizing the gas in a strong electromagnetic field. The availability of free electrons allows ...

Researchers in China have used a novel approach to explain the presence of supra-thermal ions in nuclear fusion reactions.

[Whoopjohn] decided to build a driver board for a display he pulled from a pinball machine. You’ve probably seen these used to scroll both score and messages using a total of sixteen 15-segment ...

An efficient way to ionize the gas for MHD acceleration is through electron beam ionization where high-energy electrons are injected directly into the flow. Plasma Fueled Engines (PFE) offer a means ...

Magnetic confinement fusion reactors aim to extract fusion energy by confining extremely hot plasma in strong magnetic fields. Scientists have used a pair of lasers and a supersonic sheet of gas ...

Halved grapes boost magnetic fields, paving way for alternative microwave resonators for quantum sensing devices.

A recent study has shown that low-dose Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) treatment could effectively slow down tumor growth. The ...

For example, a plume expanding into ambient gas of low pressure around 100 mTorr exhibits plume splitting and sharpening [1]. A definitive mechanistic explanation for laser-induced plasma plume ...