(It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.) A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the ...

This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule. DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides that are linked to one another in a chain ...

Researchers hope to solve the issue of “forever chemicals” while recycling valuable fluoride — tackling two environmental ...

The reaction product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and the phosphate group either ends up as orthophosphate (HPO 4) or attached to another molecule (e.g. an alcohol). Even more energy can be ...

This had helped her deduce that the phosphate part of the molecule was on the outside. Watson returned to Cambridge with a rather muddy recollection of the facts Franklin had presented ...