In this reaction, the 5’-phosphate oxygen of the DNA strand attacks the phosphorus of ligase-adenylate; the active-site lysine side chain is the leaving group. In the third step, ligase catalyzes ...

The amino acid cysteine has a chemically reactive side chain that can form bonds with another cysteine. Amino acids can also be basic, like lysine, or acidic, like glutamic acid. The sequence and ...

These amino acids can be classified based on various criteria, such as their essentiality, polarity, and side chain properties ... isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, ...