Interactions between iron, water, oxygen and ions quickly become complex. MTU scientists developed a more precise method to observe how iron minerals like rust form. One can easily see with the naked ...

A water softener reduces the dissolved calcium, magnesium, and to some degree manganese and ferrous iron ion concentration in ...

That means one iron ion present for every ... of volcanic ash in ocean surface water. Geology 29, 487–490 (2001). Geider, R. J. Biological oceanography — Complex lessons of iron uptake.