Auditory processing pathways include dorsal and ventral streams, with the dorsal stream, which projects to parietal and premotor cortices, being particularly relevant for auditory-guided actions.

This process is known as higher-order conditioning and can be measured using sensory preconditioning tasks in rodents. This behavioral paradigm requires the repeated and simultaneous presentation of ...

The following discussion focuses on two methods of blood collection — ventral tail artery puncture and dorsal or lateral tail vein puncture. The rat tail contains a dorsal vein, two lateral ...